A total of 131 cases were recorded nationally between 2000 and 2025, 17 of which were fatal, the CDC’s database says
The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has updated its estimate of annual human plague infections in the country, lowering it from seven to five.
On Wednesday, the CDC amended its Plague Maps and Statistics page, which now states: “An average of five human plague cases are reported each year in the United States.” The previous version, dated March 2025, cited seven cases annually, although its own year-by-year data already showed an average of approximately five.
The agency has not provided an explanation for the revision.
According to the CDC’s current data, there were a total of 131 plague cases across the US between 2000 and 2025, 17 of which were lethal. The highest number of cases dates back to 2006 (17) and 2015 (16). In the latter case, four people died – the highest annual death toll during the period.
The previous figure of seven is likely derived from a different historical period. An April 2026 study by CDC researchers found that 196 human plague cases were reported between 1991 and 2018 – exactly seven annually on average.
According to the CDC, plague first reached the US in 1900 aboard rat-infested steamships, sparking outbreaks in port cities. The last urban epidemic occurred in Los Angeles in 1924-1925. Since then, infections have largely been confined to rural western regions, particularly New Mexico, Arizona, and Colorado, as well as parts of California, Oregon, and Nevada.
The disease is caused by the Yersinia pestis bacterium, which circulates among rodents and fleas. More than 80% of US cases involve bubonic plague, which does not spread directly between humans and is typically contracted through infected flea bites or contact with infected animals.
Only pneumonic plague, which affects the lungs, can spread from person to person through respiratory droplets, typically requiring close contact. Such transmission has not been confirmed in the US since 1924, although the CDC investigated a possible instance in Colorado in 2014. In July 2025, a man in Arizona died from pneumonic plague after exposure to infected cats.
At least two additional cases have been recorded in 2026, according to the CDC’s provisional data. A patient in Arizona recovered after treatment, while a woman in New Mexico died from the disease in June.
Unlike in medieval times, plague can now be cured with widely available antibiotics. However, early diagnosis and treatment are critical, as untreated plague can rapidly become fatal, particularly in its pneumonic form.
The update comes amid a frenzy in Western media over what they described as a suspected case of pneumonic plague in Russia’s Irkutsk Region. Some reports claimed that a 28-year-old employee of the Irkutsk Anti-Plague Research Institute died on October 2 after developing pneumonia of unknown origin.
Russian health watchdog Rospotrebnadzor acknowledged the death but said extensive testing had found no evidence of infection associated with her laboratory work and insisted there was no epidemic risk. Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said Wednesday that the overwhelming majority of media reports about the incident were “false information.”
On Tuesday, Rospotrebnadzor also offered the US assistance in combating outbreaks of infectious diseases, citing recent measles cases and other infections.
“Russia has extensive practical and scientific experience in ensuring epidemiological safety both domestically and abroad… Russia is ready to provide the US with specialists, laboratory equipment, and highly effective diagnostic and preventive tools, which could help revive joint Russian-US efforts to protect public health from infectious threats,” the agency said.
