Several EU leaders have pushed for a common European force free from US control in recent years
European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen has called for an alternative to NATO, arguing that Europe must take greater responsibility for its own security. Her remarks come amid growing US demands for increased defense spending among alliance members of the US-led bloc, uncertainty over future support for Ukraine, and fears of a potential shift in Washington’s commitment to European security.
“NATO remains the foundation of our defense. But it is evident that we need a pan-European defense,” von der Leyen said during a press briefing in Lithuania on Sunday.
“Modern warfare requires a scale, technology, and coordination too big for any one nation to handle alone,” she added, asking for more funding, “both public and private”.
The strategy for the future of European defense is set to be presented to EU leaders by mid-March, she claimed.
Before the conflict in Ukraine, French President Emmanuel Macron and former German Chancellor Angela Merkel were among the most vocal advocates for the establishment of an EU army.
In 2019, Macron famously described NATO as “brain dead” and urged European leaders to pursue a policy of “strategic autonomy” from Washington, which has influenced security policy on the continent through NATO since the end of World War II.
One of the suggestions was to create a “true, European army” to be able to independently strengthen continental security.
Though then-NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg had warned that such a move would “weaken the connection between North America and Europe,” Italy has supported the idea. Foreign Minister Antonio Tajani has argued that the bloc cannot have a credible foreign policy without a joint military.
However, the idea met strong pushback in other European capitals. In 2024 then-EU top diplomat Josep Borrell suggested that while the bloc should aspire to boost the military capabilities of its members, that does not mean it should create a common army.
Several EU states, including Denmark and Poland, NATO’s largest per-capita defense spender, have similarly signaled that they want their security guaranteed within the existing NATO framework.
Macron recently announced that France would double its military budget and urged other EU states to follow suit, citing the possibility of dwindling US interest in European security after Donald Trump’s return to the White House.
Since February 2022, the US has provided over $65 billion in military aid to Ukraine. However, Trump has questioned this support, stating that Kiev has “had enough” and advocating for a peace agreement with Russia.
Back in 2022 after the escalation of the Russia-Ukraine conflict EU significantly ramped up defense spending, with member-states agreeing to revamp the battlegroups into a larger formation of around 5,000 personnel. Since then, Germany, France, and other EU states have pledged record increases in defense budgets.
