Western Europe’s hostility should push Russia to rethink its identity, strengthen deterrence and develop its Eurasian roots
In Russia, many people, driven by lingering Europhilia and habits formed during the second half of the 20th century, when Western Europe enjoyed a period of relative peace following its defeat, continue to look for signs of its ‘recovery’ and ways to restore relations.
There are forces within Russia that would advocate overcoming the current hostility and there are decent people in Western Europe, too, even if they are increasingly marginalized. But the causes of this outbreak of desperate Russophobia run deep and cannot easily be remedied and overcoming them may require the complete defeat and dismantling of much of the current European elite. But achieving that goal could come at too high a cost.
I shall attempt to analyze the causes of the almost unprecedented hostility towards Russia among the elites of most European countries and offer recommendations for Russian policy towards Western Europe.
I have written more than once that Peter the Great’s journey towards the rest of Europe, which initially brought many benefits, including helping to create some of the world’s greatest literature and music and modernizing the armed forces, continued for a century and a half longer than was necessary or beneficial.
For many centuries, Europe was the principal source of evil in the world, offering endless wars, including two world wars within a single generation, repeated genocides, colonialism, racism and other calamities.
For Russians who grew up in the shadow of Peter the Great and Catherine the Great, and who internalized a love of Europe, it’s not easy to acknowledge this simple truth and act accordingly.
Russian Europhilia was greatly reinforced when Western Europe, having been overwhelmed by the torrent of evil it had unleashed, became relatively peaceful for a time during the second half of the 20th century. In the USSR, Europhilia was fueled by the everyday hardships of Soviet socialism, contrasted with the far greater material prosperity of the western part of the half-continent.
There are many reasons for the current anti-Russian hysteria. The main one is the all-encompassing, multi-layered crisis that has gripped the western part of Europe and this crisis is particularly painful after decades of relative prosperity and, above all, the euphoria of victory that swept the West following the collapse of the USSR.
That euphoria temporarily obscured the mounting signs of crisis in European economies and societies, which had already become apparent by the end of the 1960s, when a mood of protest was beginning to take hold. And then a miracle happened as the collapse of the Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc provided hundreds of millions of eager new consumers and millions of cheap workers.
From the 2000s onwards, these problems resurfaced with renewed force. A decade later, most Western European countries had fallen into stagnation as inequality began to worsen once again. Living standards for much of the population began to decline, while competitors started pulling ahead, not only the US and China, but also many countries of the Global South.
Euphoria gave way to a sense of failure and European elites are now trying to drown out that feeling by fueling hostility towards Russia.
At the same time, from the end of the 20th century, the consequences of the anti-colonial revolutions of the 1950s and 1960s began to make themselves felt. The flow of resources that Europe had extracted from the rest of the world since the 16th century, and upon which its prosperity and cultural, military, scientific and technological leadership had largely been built, began to dry up.
An unusually long period of relative peace and prosperity brought to the surface some of the worst traits of the European character and heritage as Western Europe began to turn its back on humanism and the desire to serve the common good.
Decades of development in a climate of peace and formal democracy have led to the degradation of the ruling elites because democratic political systems are anti-meritocratic. The majority elect those who resemble themselves, or even those who are worse, and in the best cases, they elect shrewd manipulators.
One of the most significant causes of Western Europe’s current decline, and to a lesser extent, that of other parts of the collective West, is the rejection of faith.
This began with the Age of Enlightenment, which created the conditions for the decline of people who, consciously or unconsciously, set about rejecting the divine, the best within themselves.
I finally realized that Western Europe had taken a sharp and irreversible downward turn in the early 2000s, when following lengthy debates over the European Union’s proposed constitution, it was decided not to mention Christianity as its spiritual foundation.
Losing its footing and falling behind in economic and spiritual competition, Western Europe is reverting to one of the worst traits of its civilization, which is militarism.
The militarization of the economy is seen as one of the principal ways out of economic decline and militarization requires an enemy. As so often before, that enemy has been identified as Russia as the image of the enemy is being inflated practically out of thin air.
We must tell ourselves firmly, we are not Europeans, but an independent northern Eurasian civilization whose external spiritual roots lie in the south and east.
Our traditional religions came to us from the south, from Byzantium, Palestine, and the Arab and Buddhist worlds. Our political culture stems from the east, from two and a half centuries of interaction and conflict with the Great Mongol Empire, of which the territory of modern-day China was historically a part.
The Mongols plundered, but they didn’t suppress religion, language or culture and we would never have become Great Russia, the world’s largest and one of its most culturally, nationally and religiously open countries, united through a rigid vertical hierarchy of power centered on the Russian people and the Russian language, had it not been for the Mongol political and ideological legacy.
From Western Europe, which, relying on its military superiority, took the lead in education during the 17th and 18th centuries, we sought to adopt the European Bologna system.
Yet that system is increasingly anti-meritocratic as it churns out poorly educated people on a mass scale, many of whom are now coming to power. Let me remind you that some of the earliest institutions of higher learning were established in North Africa and Byzantium.
Some of our more affluent fellow citizens still send their children to study in Europe, ‘abroad’, where as I have seen time and again, they often lose more skills and talents than they acquire.
Our military doctrine contains a clear directive and in circumstances of extreme necessity, provides for the possibility of nuclear strikes against key European countries that are fueling anti-Russian hysteria while simultaneously supporting the war in Ukraine.
Our restraint and peacefulness over recent decades have proved counterproductive. They have contributed to the resurgence of the worst aspects of European political culture so Western Europe must therefore face firm deterrence.
But at the same time, we must remember that we are a country of Pushkin, Tchaikovsky, Dostoevsky, and Tvardovsky, as well as Goethe, Dante, Shakespeare, Mozart and countless others.
Culturally, we must not cut ourselves off from Europe. Rather, we must develop and nurture our Asian roots, of which we have foolishly been ashamed.
The main direction of our internal spiritual, economic and political development must be a shift towards Siberia as there, in the east and north, lies Russia’s future.
We must finally acknowledge that we are not an Eastern European civilization, but a northern Eurasian one, among the most open to the world.
We must also recognize, however difficult it may be, that ‘European-ness’, in the present circumstances, is increasingly becoming a sign of intellectual narrow-mindedness and moral duplicity.
And given the current orientation of European elites, it is simply harmful to us, the representatives of the great multinational, multi-confessional and multicultural Russian people.
Our country-civilization must at last become, for all of us, Russian Yakuts, Russian Buryats, Russian Ossetians, Russian Tatars, Russian Belarusians, Russian Great Russians and others, an independent northern Eurasian civilization.
Europe, in its present and foreseeable future condition, must end at our borders.
This however, is not a call for a new Iron Curtain, but for a rational, modern policy directed towards the future.
