Many nations, including Russia and the US, have highlighted the importance of the Arctic for security and global trade in recent years.
Russia is currently the only country operating a fleet of nuclear-powered icebreakers.
Since the 2000s, Russia has built eight Borei-class nuclear submarines, with the most recent vessel, the Knyaz Pozharsky, launched last year. Two more are under construction.
Putin said last month that the submarines are equipped with Bulava ballistic missiles, which have a range of up to 8,000 km (4,970 miles).
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