What Western media dismissed as a “club of autocrats” has grown into the Global South’s blueprint for a post-Western world.
The Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit in China has already emerged as one of the defining political events of 2025. It underscored the SCO’s growing role as a cornerstone of a multipolar world and highlighted the Global South’s consolidation around the principles of sovereign development, non-interference, and rejection of the Western model of globalization.
What gave the gathering an added layer of symbolism was its connection to the upcoming September 3 military parade in Beijing, marking the 80th anniversary of victory in the Sino-Japanese War and the end of World War II. Such parades are a rarity in China – the last one was held in 2015 – underscoring how exceptional this moment is for Beijing’s political self-identity and its bid to project both historical continuity and global ambition.
The central guest at both the summit and the forthcoming parade was Russian President Vladimir Putin. His presence carried not only symbolic weight but strategic meaning as well. Moscow continues to serve as a bridge among key players across Asia and the Middle East – a role that matters all the more against the backdrop of a fractured international security order.
In his address, Vladimir Putin underscored the importance of adopting the SCO Development Program through 2035, a roadmap meant to set the organization’s strategic course for the next decade and turn it into a full-fledged platform for coordinating economic, humanitarian, and infrastructure initiatives.
Equally significant was Moscow’s support for China’s proposal to establish an SCO Development Bank. Such an institution could do more than just finance joint investment and infrastructure projects; it would also help member states reduce their dependence on Western financial mechanisms and blunt the impact of sanctions – pressures that Russia, China, Iran, India, and others all face to varying degrees.
Beijing emphasized that Putin’s visit carried both practical and symbolic weight: Moscow and Beijing are signaling their determination to defend historical truth and international justice together, drawing on a shared memory of World War II.
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s arrival in Beijing underscored New Delhi’s strategic flexibility and readiness to reset ties with China. Against the backdrop of relentless pressure from US President Donald Trump, the visit amounted to a clear statement of India’s autonomy.
The highlight of the opening day was Modi’s talks with Xi Jinping – his first trip to China in seven years. Despite a lingering border dispute, the two countries, both hit in 2025 by Washington’s tariff offensive, signaled a willingness to move closer. Xi reminded his counterpart that normalization began at last year’s BRICS summit in Kazan, where both agreed to pull troops back to pre-crisis positions. “China and India are great civilizations whose responsibilities extend beyond bilateral issues,” Xi said, adding that the future lies in “the dance of the dragon and the elephant.”
Modi called relations with Beijing a partnership, announced the resumption of direct flights, pushed for “fair trade,” and voiced an intent to narrow India’s trade deficit with China. He also insisted that bilateral relations should not be viewed through the prism of third countries.
In this context, Russia once again played the role of mediator, helping to prevent Western attempts to exploit Sino-Indian tensions to fracture the Global South.
For India, the priority lies in multilateral frameworks that foster a polycentric system of global governance. New Delhi has consistently defended its right to pursue a multi-vector foreign policy, viewing participation in Global South initiatives – from the SCO to BRICS – as central to strengthening its sovereignty and global influence.
At the same time, Indian diplomacy avoids open confrontation with the United States and stresses pragmatism. Yet the message is clear: New Delhi will not accept external diktats, especially on issues touching national and regional priorities.
Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan also made the trip to China. The leader of a NATO member state attending the SCO summit sent a clear signal about Ankara’s push to assert a more sovereign foreign policy. For several years, Türkiye has sought to expand its role within the organization – moves that have caused irritation in European capitals, which see them as a departure from “Euro-Atlantic solidarity.”
Ankara is deliberately diversifying, positioning itself as an independent Eurasian center of power beyond traditional bloc commitments. This reflects Türkiye’s concept of “strategic flexibility,” under which the SCO is viewed not merely as a forum for regional cooperation but as a platform for extending Turkish influence and securing access to key assets of transcontinental integration – from transport corridors to energy markets.
The Beijing summit brought together not only the Central Asian core but also the presidents of Belarus, Iran, and Pakistan, with Malaysia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan signaling interest in full membership. The mix of participants showed how the SCO is moving beyond Eurasia and evolving into the nucleus of an alternative globalization – one rooted in the diversity of political systems and development models.
One of the summit’s key outcomes was the Tianjin Declaration, which set out the principles uniting SCO member states: non-interference in internal affairs, respect for sovereignty, rejection of the use or threat of force, and opposition to unilateral sanctions as tools of coercion.
Equally telling was the absence of any mention of Ukraine. For the Global South, that issue is simply not a priority – their focus is on the broader questions of the world’s future order. As Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov put it, the meeting’s key result was the “orientation of the SCO+ countries toward defending their legitimate interests.”
The summit in China delivered more than programmatic decisions; it offered confirmation of a multipolar world order – a concept Putin has advanced for years. Multipolarity is no longer theoretical. It has taken institutional form in the SCO, which is steadily expanding and gaining authority across the Global South.
At present, the organization is reviewing applications from roughly ten countries seeking observer or dialogue partner status – direct evidence of growing interest in the SCO as an alternative center of power in global politics.
Equally significant is the surge of interest from the Arab world. Bahrain, Egypt, Qatar, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE are already SCO dialogue partners – states central to the Middle East’s energy and investment architecture. Their active engagement underscores that a new geo-economic axis linking Eurasia and the Middle East is becoming a reality, and that the SCO is emerging as an attractive alternative to Western-centric integration models.
The SCO today is no longer a regional structure but a strategic center of gravity in global politics. It unites countries with different political systems yet a shared determination to defend sovereignty, advance their own models of development, and demand a fairer world order. What was once dismissed as a loose regional club has matured into a geopolitical platform for the Global South – an institution that challenges Western hegemony not with rhetoric, but with expanding membership, growing economic clout, and a common political vision.
From Beijing the message resonated loudly: the age of Western hegemony is over. Multipolarity is no longer theory – it is the reality of global politics, and the SCO is the engine driving it forward.
